Mechanical keyboards are at the top of every serious computer users’ wishlist due to their superior reliability, customization, and overall typing experience. The core of every mechanical keyboard is the Printed Circuit Board, commonly known as the PCB. The PCB is the brain of the keyboard, enabling communication between the keys and your computer. For those who are new to keyboard building, understanding PCBs can seem overwhelming, but this detailed guide will help you start your journey in mechanical keyboard building.
### What is a Mechanical Keyboard PCB?
A mechanical keyboard PCB is an integral component of the keyboard that registers keypresses and translates them into signals readable by your computer. Every time you press a key, it activates a switch that sends signals to the PCB, which interprets the keystrokes and forwards them to your computer.
The PCB also connects other components that make up the keyboard, like the diodes, resistors, and controller chips that determine the board’s functionality. Therefore, the quality of your keyboard not only depends on your switches, keycaps, or casing but also on the PCB.
### Types of Mechanical Keyboard PCBs
There are generally two types of mechanical keyboard PCBs: pre-soldered and barebone. Pre-soldered PCBs have all the components like diodes, resistors, and controllers already soldered onto the board. These tend to be more user-friendly for beginners since you only need to solder the switches on.
On the other hand, barebone PCBs require all components to be soldered onto the board, from the resistors to the controller chips. This provides greater customization options but requires more technical knowledge and skill.
### Factors to Consider When Choosing a PCB
#### Layout
The PCB layout defines the structural arrangement of your keyboard keys. The common options you’ll come across include ANSI (American Standard Layout), ISO (European Standard Layout), and JIS (Japanese Standard Layout). Choose a layout based on what you’re most comfortable with or the region you’re in.
#### Size
Mechanical keyboards come in different sizes, and so do the PCBs. The common sizes are full-size (100%), tenkeyless (TKL, 80%), compact or 75%, 65%, and 60%. Your choice should be based on how much desk space you have and the functionality you require.
#### Switch Compatibility
Ensure the PCB you’re choosing is compatible with the switches you plan to use since not all PCBs support all switches. PCBs tend to support either Cherry MX-style switches or Alps-style switches.
#### Programmability
Some PCBs are programmable, allowing users to reassign keys and create macros. This is an important factor, especially if you require a lot of customization.
### Building a Mechanical Keyboard With a PCB
Once you’ve chosen your PCB, it’s time to build your keyboard. Here’s a basic rundown of the steps:
#### Soldering
If you chose a barebone PCB, you would need to solder the diodes, resistors, controller chips, and then the switches onto the board. If you opted for a pre-soldered board, just solder on the switches. However, you might need to learn soldering skills or ask help from someone who does if it’s your first time soldering.
#### Assembling the Keyboard
Once the soldering process is completed, it’s time to put everything together. The case, plate, stabilizers, keycaps, and cable are subsequently assembled.
#### Programming the PCB
Lastly, if you chose a programmable PCB, you could now program it according to your preference. The programming depends on the PCB’s firmware, but most come with a user-friendly GUI or programming option.
In conclusion, building a mechanical keyboard offers a satisfying sense of accomplishment and delivers a perfect typing tool precisely suited to your needs. The PCB is a crucial part of the keyboard, and understanding it is key to mastering your keyboard building journey. Take time to research, understand your needs, and don’t hesitate to ask the community for help when stuck. Have a great build!
Note: This guide aims to provide a beginner-friendly overview of the topic. As such, it simplifies or omits certain technical details. Proper safety precautions, research, and guidance from experienced users should always be considered when handling electronics.
